General tsananguro
Mvura, sezvinoreva zita, inoratidzirwa nekukwanisa kwayo kuyerera.Inosiyana kubva kune yakasimba pakuti inotambura deformation nekuda kwekuveura kudzvinyirira, zvisinei kuti kuduku kunokonzera kushungurudzika kunogona kuva.Chiyero chete ndechekuti nguva yakakwana inofanira kupera kuti deformation iitike.Mupfungwa iyi mvura inenge isina chimiro.
Fluids inogona kukamurwa kuita zvinwiwa nemagasi.Mvura inongomanikidzika zvishoma uye pane nzvimbo yakasununguka kana yaiswa mumudziyo wakashama.Kune rimwe divi, gasi rinogara richiwedzera kuzadza mudziyo waro.Mupfunga (vapor) igasi riri pedyo nemvura.
Mvura inoshandiswa nainjiniya imvura.Inogona kunge iine zvikamu zvitatu kubva muzana zvemhepo mune mhinduro iyo pa sub-atmospheric pressure inowanzo buritswa.Kupihwa kunofanirwa kuitirwa izvi pakugadzira pombi, mavharuvhu, mapaipi, nezvimwe.
Diesel engine Vertical Turbine multistage centrifugal inline shaft water Drainage Pump Iri rudzi rwepombi yemvura yakatwasuka inonyanyo shandiswa kupomba kusaora, tembiricha isingasviki 60 °C, zvakaturikwa zvakasimba (zvisingasanganisi faibha, magrits) isingasviki 150 mg/L zvemukati. tsvina kana mvura inorasa.VTP mhando vertical drainage pombi iri muVTP mhando yakatwasuka pombi yemvura, uye pahwaro hwekuwedzera uye collar, isa chubhu mafuta ekuzora imvura.Inogona kusvuta tembiricha iri pasi pe60 °C, kutumira kune imwe tsanga yakasimba (yakaita sechirahwe chesimbi nejecha rakatsetseka, marasha, nezvimwewo) zvetsvina kana mvura yetsvina.
Izvo zvakakosha zvemuviri zvemvura zvinotsanangurwa sezvizvi:
Density (ρ)
Kuwanda kwemvura ndiko kuwanda kwayo pavhoriyamu yeyuniti.MuSI system inoratidzwa sekg/m3.
Mvura iri pahuwandu hwehuwandu hwe1000 kg / m3pa4°C.Pane kuderera kushoma kwehutsi nekuwedzera tembiricha asi nezvinangwa zvinoshanda density yemvura i1000 kg/m.3.
Relative density ireshiyo yehuwandu hwemvura kune mvura.
Hukuru chaihwo (w)
Huremu chaihwo hwemvura ndiyo huwandu hwayo pavhoriyamu yeyuniti. MuSi system, inoratidzirwa muN/m3.Pakudziya kwakajairika, w is 9810 N/m3kana 9,81 kN/m3(inenge 10 kN/m3 kuti zvive nyore kuverenga).
Chaiyo giravhiti (SG)
Hurukuro hwemvura ireshiyo yehuremu hwevhoriyamu yakapihwa kuhuwandu hwehuwandu hwemvura imwe chete.Saka ireshiyo zvakare yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemvura kune density yemvura yakachena, kazhinji zvese pa15 ° C.
Muenzaniso Nha: TWP
TWP yakatevedzana Movable Diesel Injini yekuzvimisikidza Well point Pombi dzeMvura dzechimbichimbi dzakabatanidzwa dzakagadzirwa neDRAKOS PUMP yekuSingapore neREEOFLO kambani yekuGermany.Iyi nhevedzano yepombi inogona kutakura marudzi ese akachena, asina kwaakarerekera uye anoora svikiro ane zvimedu.Gadzirisa kukanganisa kwakawanda kwechinyakare self-priming pombi.Iyi mhando yekuzvimisikidza pombi yakasarudzika yakaoma yekumhanyisa chimiro ichave otomatiki yekutanga uye kutangazve isina mvura yekutanga kutanga, Musoro wekusveta unogona kupfuura 9 m;Yakanakisa hydraulic dhizaini uye yakasarudzika dhizaini inochengeta yakanyanya kushanda kupfuura 75%.Uye zvakasiyana dhizaini kuisirwa sarudzo.
Kuwanda modulus (k)
kana zvinangwa zvinoshanda, zvinwiwa zvinogona kutorwa sezvisingapindiki.Nekudaro, pane zvimwe zviitiko, senge kusagadzikana kuyerera mumapombi, uko kudzvanywa kunofanirwa kuverengerwa.Iyo yakawanda modulus ye elasticity, k, inopiwa ne:
uko p ndiko kuwedzera kwekumanikidzwa uko, kana kunoshandiswa kuvhoriyamu V, kunoguma nekuderera kwevhoriyamu AV.Sezvo kuderera kwevhoriyamu kunofanirwa kuve kwakabatana nekuwedzera kwakaenzana mukuwanda, Equation 1 inogona kuratidzwa se:
kana mvura,k ingangoita 2 150 MPa patembiricha yakajairwa uye kumanikidzwa.Izvi zvinotevera kuti mvura inokwana ka100 kudarika simbi.
Ideal fluid
Yakanaka kana yakakwana fluid ndiyo isina tangential kana shear stress pakati pemvura particles.Masimba anogara achiita zvakajairika pane chimwe chikamu uye anongogumira kudzvinyiriro uye masimba anokurumidza.Hapana mvura chaiyo inonyatsoenderana neiyi pfungwa, uye kune zvese zvinwiwa zviri kufamba kune tangential stress iripo iyo ine dhizaini mhedzisiro pakufamba.Nekudaro, zvimwe zvinwiwa, kusanganisira mvura, zviri padyo nemvura yakafanira, uye fungidziro iri nyore iyi inogonesa nzira dzemasvomhu kana dzemifananidzo kuti dzigamuchirwe mukugadzirisa kwemamwe matambudziko ekuyerera.
Muenzaniso Nhamba: XBC-VTP
XBC-VTP Series vertical long shaft fire fighting pumps are series of single stage, multistage diffusers pumps, inogadzirwa maererano neazvino National Standard GB6245-2006.Isu takavandudzawo dhizaini nereferensi yechiyero cheUnited States Fire Protection Association.Inonyanya kushandiswa kugovera mvura yemoto mupetrochemical, gasi rechisikigo, gwenya remagetsi, machira edonje, wharf, ndege, warehousing, chivakwa chakakwira uye mamwe maindasitiri.Inogona zvakare kushanda kune ngarava, tangi yegungwa, ngarava yemoto uye dzimwe nguva dzekupa.
Viscosity
Iko viscosity yemvura ndiyo chiyero chekuramba kwayo kune tangential kana shear stress.Iyo inomuka kubva mukudyidzana uye kubatana kwemamorekuru emvura.Zvese zvinwiwa zvechokwadi zvine viscosity, kunyangwe kune madhigirii akasiyana.The shear stress in a solid is proportional to straining nepo shear stress in a fluid inoenzana ne rate yekuveura strain.Izvi zvinotevera kuti hapagone kuve neshear stress mumvura inenge yazorora.
Fig.1.Viscous deformation
Funga nezvemvura inovharirwa pakati pemahwendefa maviri ayo ari panhambwe pfupi y akaparadzana (Mufananidzo 1).Plate yepasi yakamira apo ndiro yepamusoro ichifamba pavelocity v. Kufamba kwemvura kunofungidzirwa kuti kunoitika munhevedzano yezvidimbu zvitete zvisingaverengeki kana laminae, yakasununguka kutsvedza imwe pamusoro peimwe.Iko hakuna kuyambuka-kuyerera kana mhirizhonga.Mutsara wakatarisana neplate yakamira wakazorora ukuwo layer yakatarisana nendiro inofamba ine velocity v. Mwero wekugera kana kuti velocity gradient is dv/dy.Iyo dynamic viscosity kana, zviri nyore, iyo viscosity μ inopiwa na
Kuti:
Uku kutaura kwe viscous stress kwakatanga kutumirwa naNewton uye kunozivikanwa seNewton's equation of viscosity.Zvinenge zvinwiwa zvese zvine mutsindo wenguva dzose wekuenzanisa uye zvinodaidzwa kunzi Newtonian fluid.
Fig.2.Hukama pakati pekuveura kushushikana uye mwero wekuveura kunetsa.
Mufananidzo 2 mufananidzo wakajeka weEquation 3 uye unoratidza maitiro akasiyana ezvakaoma uye zvinwiwa pasi pekuveura kushushikana.
Viscosity inoratidzwa mu centipoises (Pa.s kana Ns/m2).
Mumatambudziko mazhinji ane chekuita nekufamba kwemvura, viscosity inoonekwa ine density muchimiro μ/p (yakasununguka yesimba) uye zviri nyore kushandisa izwi rimwechete v, rinozivikanwa sekinematic viscosity.
Kukosha kwe ν kwemafuta anorema kunogona kunge kwakakwira se900 x 10-6m2/s, nepo kumvura, iyo ine viscosity yakaderera, inongova 1,14 x 10?m2/s pa 15 ° C. Kinematic viscosity yemvura inoderera nekuwedzera kwekushisa.Patembiricha yemumba, kinematic viscosity yemhepo inenge ka13 kupfuura yemvura.
Surface tension uye capillarity
Cherechedza:
Kubatana ndiko kukwezva uko mamorekuru akafanana ane kune mumwe nemumwe.
Adhesion ndiyo inokwezva iyo mamorekuru akasiyana ane kune mumwe nemumwe.
Surface tension inzvimbo yepanyama inoita kuti donhwe remvura ribatirwe rakamiswa papombi, ngarava kuti izadzwe nemvura zvishoma pamusoro pemuromo asi isingadere kana tsono kuti iyangamire pamusoro pemvura.Zvese izvi zviitiko zvinokonzerwa nekubatana pakati pemamorekuru pamusoro pemvura inobatana neimwe mvura isingagoneki kana gasi.Zvinoita sekunge nzvimbo yacho ine elastic membrane, yakasimbiswa zvakafanana, iyo inogara ichiita chibvumirano chepamusoro nzvimbo.Saka tinoona kuti mabubbles egasi mumvura uye madonhwe ehunyoro mumhepo inenge yakaita denderedzwa.
Simba rekumanikidzana kwepamusoro pane chero mutsara wekufungidzira panzvimbo yakasununguka inoenzanirana nehurefu hwemutsara uye inoita nenzira yakanangana nayo.Kudzvinyirirwa kwepamusoro pahurefu hweyuniti kunoratidzwa mumN/m.Hukuru hwayo hudiki, huchive hunosvika 73 mN/m yemvura inosangana nemhepo patembiricha yekamuri.Pane kuderera kudiki kwemakumi epamusoroiuchienderera mberi nekuwedzera tembiricha.
Muzvizhinji zvekushandisa mu hydraulics, kudhonzerana kwepasi hakuna kukosha zvishoma sezvo masimba anosanganisirwa anowanzo shaya basa kana achienzaniswa neiyo hydrostatic uye dynamic forces.Kudzvanya kwepamusoro kunongokosha uko kune nzvimbo yemahara uye zviyero zvemuganho zvidiki.Saka kana iri hydraulic modhi, tension mhedzisiro, iyo isina mhedzisiro mune iyo prototype, inogona kukanganisa mafambiro ekuyerera mumuenzaniso, uye iyi sosi yekukanganisa mukufananidza inofanirwa kutariswa pakududzira mhedzisiro.
Surface tension effects dzinonyanya kutaurwa kana machubhu ediki akavhurika kumhepo.Izvi zvinogona kutora maitiro emanometer tubes mu laboratori kana kuzarura pores muvhu.Semuenzaniso, kana chubhu diki yegirazi ikanyikwa mumvura, zvinoonekwa kuti mvura inokwira mukati mechubhu, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo 3.
Mvura iri muchubhu, kana kuti meniscus sezvainodanwa, yakakombama kumusoro.Chiitiko chacho chinozivikanwa se capillarity, uye tangential kusangana pakati pemvura negirazi inoratidza kuti kubatana kwemukati kwemvura kuduku kudarika kunamatira pakati pemvura negirazi.Kudzvinyirirwa kwemvura mukati mechubhu iri pedyo nenzvimbo yakasununguka ishoma pane mhepo.
Mufananidzo 3. Capillarity
Mercury inozvibata pane zvakasiyana, sezvinoratidzwa muMufananidzo 3 (b) .Sezvo masimba ekubatana ari makuru kudarika masimba ekunamatira, kona yekubatana yakakura uye meniscus ine chiso che convex kumhepo uye yakaora mwoyo.Dzvinyiriro iri pedyo nenzvimbo yakasununguka yakakura kudarika mhepo.
Capillarity mhedzisiro mumanometer uye geji magirazi anogona kudzivirirwa nekushandisa machubhu asiri pasi pe10 mm dhayamita.
Centrifugal Gungwa Mvura Yekuenda Pombi
Muenzaniso Nhamba: ASN ASNV
Modero ASN uye ASNV pombi idanho rimwechete-kaviri suction split volute casing centrifugal pombi uye inoshandiswa kana yekufambisa yemvura yemabasa emvura, air-conditioning kutenderera, chivakwa, kudiridza, drainage pombi chiteshi, chiteshi chemagetsi, indasitiri yemvura yekupa mvura, kudzima moto. hurongwa, ngarava, kuvaka uye zvichingodaro.
Mhepo pressure
Liquid mamorekuru ane simba rakakwana rekinetic anoyerwa kunze kwemuviri mukuru wemvura panzvimbo yayo yemahara uye anopfuura mumhute.Kudzvinyirirwa kunoitwa nemhute iyi kunozivikanwa semhute pressure, P,.Kuwedzera kwekushisa kunobatanidzwa nehukuru hwema molecular agitation uye nokudaro kuwedzera kwemhepo yemhepo.Kana iyo vapor pressure yakaenzana nekudzvanywa kwegasi pamusoro payo, mvura inofashaira.Mhepo yemhute yemvura pa15°C i1,72 kPa(1,72 kN/m2).
Atmospheric pressure
Kutsikirira kwemhepo iri pamusoro penyika kunoyerwa nebarometer .Pagungwa kumanikidzwa kwemhepo kunosvika 101 kPa uye kunomisikidzwa paukoshi uhu.Pane kuderera kwekumanikidzwa kwemhepo nekukwirira;semuenzaniso, pa1 500m inoderedzwa kusvika 88 kPa.Iyo mbiru yemvura yakaenzana ine hurefu hunosvika 10,3 m padanho regungwa, uye inowanzonzi semvura barometer.Kureba kwekufungidzira, sezvo mhepo yemhute yemvura yaizodzivirira kuti vacuum yakakwana iwanikwe.Mercury imvura yepamusoro yepamusoro yebarometric, sezvo iine hunyoro husina basa.Zvakare, kuwanda kwayo kwepamusoro kunoguma nekoromo yehurefu hunonzwisisika - ingangoita 0,75 m padanho regungwa.
Sezvo kudzvinyirirwa kwakawanda kunowanikwa mumahydraulics kuri pamusoro pekumanikidzwa kwemhepo uye kunoyerwa nezviridzwa zvinorekodha zvakati, zviri nyore kuona kumanikidzwa kwemhepo sedatum, kureva zero.Dzvinyiriro dzinobva dzanzi gauge pressure kana dziri pamusoro pemuchadenga uye vacuum pressure kana dziri pazasi payo.Kana yechokwadi zero kudzvanywa ikatorwa sedatum, kumanikidzwa kunonzi kuzere.MuChitsauko 5 panokurukurwa NPSH, manhamba ese anoratidzwa mune absolute water barometer mazwi, iesea level = 0 bar geuge = 1 bar absolute =101 kPa=10,3 m mvura.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-20-2024